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"""
Approval External Execution
=============================
Approval + external execution HITL: @approval + @tool(external_execution=True).
"""
import os
import time
from agno.agent import Agent
from agno.approval import approval
from agno.db.sqlite import SqliteDb
from agno.models.openai import OpenAIResponses
from agno.tools import tool
DB_FILE = "tmp/approvals_test.db"
@approval
@tool(external_execution=True)
def deploy_to_production(service_name: str, version: str) -> str:
"""Deploy a service to production.
Args:
service_name (str): The name of the service to deploy.
version (str): The version to deploy.
Returns:
str: Confirmation of the deployment.
"""
return f"Deployed {service_name} v{version}"
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Create Agent
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
db = SqliteDb(
db_file=DB_FILE, session_table="agent_sessions", approvals_table="approvals"
)
agent = Agent(
model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5-mini"),
tools=[deploy_to_production],
markdown=True,
db=db,
)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Run Agent
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Clean up from previous runs
if os.path.exists(DB_FILE):
os.remove(DB_FILE)
os.makedirs("tmp", exist_ok=True)
# Re-create after cleanup
db = SqliteDb(
db_file=DB_FILE, session_table="agent_sessions", approvals_table="approvals"
)
agent = Agent(
model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5-mini"),
tools=[deploy_to_production],
markdown=True,
db=db,
)
# Step 1: Run - agent will pause
print("--- Step 1: Running agent (expects pause) ---")
run_response = agent.run("Deploy the auth-service version 2.1.0 to production.")
print(f"Run status: {run_response.status}")
assert run_response.is_paused, f"Expected paused, got {run_response.status}"
print("Agent paused as expected.")
# Step 2: Check that an approval record was created in the DB
print("\n--- Step 2: Checking approval record in DB ---")
approvals_list, total = db.get_approvals(status="pending", approval_type="required")
print(f"Pending approvals: {total}")
assert total >= 1, f"Expected at least 1 pending approval, got {total}"
approval_record = approvals_list[0]
print(f" Approval ID: {approval_record['id']}")
print(f" Run ID: {approval_record['run_id']}")
print(f" Status: {approval_record['status']}")
print(f" Source: {approval_record['source_type']}")
print(f" Context: {approval_record.get('context')}")
# Step 3: Set external execution result and continue
print("\n--- Step 3: Setting external result and continuing ---")
for requirement in run_response.active_requirements:
if requirement.needs_external_execution:
print(f" Setting result for tool: {requirement.tool_execution.tool_name}")
requirement.set_external_execution_result("Deployed auth-service v2.1.0")
run_response = agent.continue_run(
run_id=run_response.run_id,
requirements=run_response.requirements,
)
print(f"Run status after continue: {run_response.status}")
assert not run_response.is_paused, "Expected run to complete, but it's still paused"
# Step 4: Resolve the approval record in the DB
print("\n--- Step 4: Resolving approval in DB ---")
resolved = db.update_approval(
approval_record["id"],
expected_status="pending",
status="approved",
resolved_by="test_user",
resolved_at=int(time.time()),
)
assert resolved is not None, "Approval resolution failed (possible race condition)"
print(f" Resolved status: {resolved['status']}")
print(f" Resolved by: {resolved['resolved_by']}")
# Step 5: Verify no more pending approvals
print("\n--- Step 5: Verifying no pending approvals ---")
count = db.get_pending_approval_count()
print(f"Remaining pending approvals: {count}")
assert count == 0, f"Expected 0 pending approvals, got {count}"
print("\n--- All checks passed! ---")
print(f"\nAgent output (truncated): {str(run_response.content)[:200]}...")
Run the Example
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# Clone and setup repo
git clone https://github.com/agno-agi/agno.git
cd agno/cookbook/02_agents/11_approvals
# Create and activate virtual environment
./scripts/demo_setup.sh
source .venvs/demo/bin/activate
python approval_external_execution.py