> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.agno.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Custom FastAPI App with JWT Middleware

> Custom FastAPI application with JWT middleware for authentication and AgentOS integration

This example demonstrates how to integrate JWT middleware with your custom FastAPI application and then add AgentOS functionality on top.

## Code

```python custom_fastapi_jwt.py theme={null}
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, UTC

import jwt
from agno.agent import Agent
from agno.db.postgres import PostgresDb
from agno.models.openai import OpenAIResponses
from agno.os import AgentOS
from agno.os.middleware import JWTMiddleware
from agno.tools.hackernews import HackerNewsTools
from fastapi import FastAPI, Form, HTTPException

# JWT Secret (use environment variable in production)
JWT_SECRET = "a-string-secret-at-least-256-bits-long"

# Setup database
db = PostgresDb(db_url="postgresql+psycopg://ai:ai@localhost:5532/ai")

# Create agent
research_agent = Agent(
    id="research-agent",
    name="Research Agent",
    model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5.2"),
    db=db,
    tools=[HackerNewsTools()],
    add_history_to_context=True,
    markdown=True,
)

# Create custom FastAPI app
app = FastAPI(
    title="Example Custom App",
    version="1.0.0",
)

# Add Agno JWT middleware to your custom FastAPI app
app.add_middleware(
    JWTMiddleware,
    verification_keys=[JWT_SECRET],
    excluded_route_paths=[
        "/auth/login"
    ],  # We don't want to validate the token for the login endpoint
    validate=True,  # Set validate to False to skip token validation
)


# Custom routes that use JWT
@app.post("/auth/login")
async def login(username: str = Form(...), password: str = Form(...)):
    """Login endpoint that returns JWT token"""
    if username == "demo" and password == "password":
        payload = {
            "sub": "user_123",
            "username": username,
            "exp": datetime.now(UTC) + timedelta(hours=24),
            "iat": datetime.now(UTC),
        }
        token = jwt.encode(payload, JWT_SECRET, algorithm="HS256")
        return {"access_token": token, "token_type": "bearer"}

    raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid credentials")


# Clean AgentOS setup with tuple middleware pattern! ✨
agent_os = AgentOS(
    description="JWT Protected AgentOS",
    agents=[research_agent],
    base_app=app,
)

# Get the final app
app = agent_os.get_app()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    """
    Run your AgentOS with JWT middleware applied to the entire app.

    Test endpoints:
    1. POST /auth/login - Login to get JWT token
    2. GET /config - Protected route (requires JWT)
    """
    agent_os.serve(
        app="custom_fastapi_jwt:app", port=7777, reload=True
    )
```

## Usage

<Steps>
  <Snippet file="create-venv-step.mdx" />

  <Step title="Set Environment Variables">
    ```bash theme={null}
    export OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Install dependencies">
    ```bash theme={null}
    uv pip install -U agno openai pyjwt "fastapi[standard]" uvicorn sqlalchemy pgvector psycopg python-multipart
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Setup PostgreSQL Database">
    ```bash theme={null}
    # Using Docker
    docker run -d \
      --name agno-postgres \
      -e POSTGRES_DB=ai \
      -e POSTGRES_USER=ai \
      -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=ai \
      -p 5532:5432 \
      pgvector/pgvector:pg17
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Run Example">
    ```bash theme={null}
    python custom_fastapi_jwt.py
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Test Authentication Flow">
    **Step 1: Login to get JWT token**

    ```bash theme={null}
    TOKEN=$(curl -X POST "http://localhost:7777/auth/login" \
      -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
      -d "username=demo&password=password" \
      | jq -r '.access_token')

    echo "Token: $TOKEN"
    ```

    **Step 2: Test protected endpoints with token**

    ```bash theme={null}
    # Test AgentOS config endpoint
    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
      "http://localhost:7777/config"

    # Test agent interaction
    curl -X POST "http://localhost:7777/agents/research-agent/runs" \
      -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
      -d '{"message": "Search for information about FastAPI middleware"}'
    ```

    **Step 3: Test without token (should get 401)**

    ```bash theme={null}
    curl "http://localhost:7777/config"
    # Should return: {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Test on a browser">
    1. **Visit the API docs**: [http://localhost:7777/docs](http://localhost:7777/docs)
    2. **Login via form**: Try the `/auth/login` endpoint with `username=demo` and `password=password`
    3. **Copy the token**: From the response, copy the `access_token` value
    4. **Authorize in docs**: Click the "Authorize" button and paste `Bearer <your-token>`
    5. **Test protected endpoints**: Try any AgentOS endpoint - they should now work
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Authentication Flow

<Steps>
  <Step title="User Login">
    Client sends credentials to `/auth/login`:

    ```bash theme={null}
    POST /auth/login
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

    username=demo&password=password
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Token Generation">
    Server validates credentials and returns JWT:

    ```json theme={null}
    {
      "access_token": "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9...",
      "token_type": "bearer"
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Authenticated Requests">
    Client includes token in Authorization header:

    ```bash theme={null}
    Authorization: Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9...
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Middleware Validation">
    JWT middleware validates token and allows/denies access
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Developer Resources

* [JWT Middleware Documentation](/agent-os/middleware/jwt)
* [Custom FastAPI Documentation](/agent-os/custom-fastapi/overview)
* [FastAPI Security Documentation](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/)